To understand how this issue has come into prominence you need to look at the gay and lesbian rights lobby and how it has "pushed the envelope" over time.
Up until about the 1960s most legal systems in the West oppressed gay men, and to a lesser extent lesbian women. In some jurisdictions a conviction for having consensual gay sex could even result in imprisonment. It was not until 1973 that the American Psychiatric Association removed homosexuality from its "illness" classification.
The gay and lesbian rights movement initially sought decriminalisation, and tolerance of their lifestyle. Nowadays this has widespread public support. Seeking tolerance subsequently expanded into a call to "celebrate" the gay and lesbian community. Widespread adoption of same sex marriage across Western countries was a further turning point in emboldening activists to go even further.
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Transgender activism evolved from within the gay lobby and there became increasing usage of terminology that questioned binary gender classification. Tensions between lesbian and trans activists, which had existed under the surface, grew to involve more general opposition to the diminution of women's rights. We are now seeing a clash between the trans and women's lobbies, and "progressive" politicians, who historically backed both lobbies, are in a quandary. The public has also been largely intimidated into silence on these issues through both political propaganda and a plethora of anti-discrimination legislation.
The trans movement has tried to bolster its position by changing definitions from being biologically based to ones based on self-proclaimed "identity". (In some jurisdictions it is legal to change one's gender identity multiple times.) While laws can legalise lies (e.g. by "deeming" black to be white) some official positions have become absurd. Introducing the concept of identity into what is primarily a biological issue has only caused confusion. It is also the case that, in all matters of assessment/identity, self-assessment is rarely considered objective.
Hard cases aside, normal biological men are typically individuals assigned male at birth, and characterised by male reproductive organs, XY chromosomes, and typical male hormone patterns. This also leads to physical traits like broader bones, greater and stronger body mass, facial hair, and specific muscle characteristics that are life-long.
Some things are unalterable.
Scientists unanimously tell us that a person's genetic inheritance, including their biological sex, is a permanent characteristic. It is possible to change a person's outward appearance, including bodily features. In addition to make-up and clothes, hormones (oestrogen and testosterone) and surgery can be further used to this end. While individuals can choose between virtually any number of gender identities, only two genders exist according to biology. Thus, in respect of biological sex, one is either male or female, a clear binary distinction.
Based on biology, males unhappy with their bodily appearance can become lady-boys, transvestites, castrati/eunuchs, etc. They cannot, however, become biological women. The notion of gender identity is a recent invention that has no basis in biology/science and does not pass the so-called "duck test".
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Introducing the concept of gender identity has caused unnecessary problems.
In Britain a BBC news reader was told off by the BBC for using the term "pregnant women" instead of the politically correct "pregnant people".
In Ireland a teacher was hounded and jailed(for over 500 days) andaccumulated around €225,000 in finesfor refusing to apply female pronouns to a biological boy. The fundamentalist Christian teacher had refusedto obey a direction that a transgender pupil be addressed as 'they'. The school had also obtained an injunction restraininghim from trespassing on the school premises, which he has defied a number of times. The teacher sees himself as fighting a battle against gay activists and the State for freedom of religion, free speech and conscience.
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