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Policy 'guard rails' for Australian real income?

By Geoff Carmody - posted Wednesday, 26 July 2023


Would real income 'guard rails' help policy keep our economic train 'on track'?

As broad guidelines for policy outcomes, we've had a few Commonwealth-level 'guard rails'.

For example:

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  • the Prices and Incomes Accord (ALP/ACTU agreement, 1983);
  • the 'Trilogy', capping taxation, spending and Budget deficit as percentages of GDP (1980s+);
  • the 'Trilemma' trifecta: 'affordable' power costs, high reliability, reduced emissions (2010s+).

The first maybe worked a bit, but also came with, and was followed by, really big economic reforms.

The second and third were/are 'virtue signalling' – for the third, for the more distant future.

'Guard rails' seem superseded now. It's all about Budget (incl beyond the Forward Estimates) and other policy 'promises' for the (often post-election) future.

In theory, we still have national inflation 'guard rails'. Agreements between Commonwealth governments and the RBA set 2-3% CPI 'guard rails'. Off that track, our economic train is derailed.

Can we afford a real income 'accord'? What about national real income 'guard rails'? These could centre on real net national disposable income per capita, as published quarterly by the ABS.

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What drives that? Lots of things:

  • Australian productivity gains (a plus);
  • Australian population growth (plus or minus?);
  • Australian terms of trade (rising TOT a plus);
  • Australian net export volumes growth (ditto);
  • Australian net income from overseas investments growth (ditto);
  • Australian net liabilities to foreign lenders growth (a negative);
  • the value of the Australian dollar (say, TWI basis) – net benefits?;
  • and more.

This provides a framework for a micro-reform agenda. Or for more reform inaction frustration.

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About the Author

Geoff Carmody is Director, Geoff Carmody & Associates, a former co-founder of Access Economics, and before that was a senior officer in the Commonwealth Treasury. He favours a national consumption-based climate policy, preferably using a carbon tax to put a price on carbon. He has prepared papers entitled Effective climate change policy: the seven Cs. Paper #1: Some design principles for evaluating greenhouse gas abatement policies. Paper #2: Implementing design principles for effective climate change policy. Paper #3: ETS or carbon tax?

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Creative Commons LicenseThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons License.

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