So who’s singing Australia’s song?

Since 2007, when applying for selected visas, applicants have been required to sign an Australian values statement (Life in Australia: Australian values and principles) confirming that they will respect Australian values and obey the laws of Australia.

Few Australians know of its existence.

It may be some years before it is known whether this affirmation of Australian values is sufficient to quell disquiet or, more important, to keep out those who are unlikely to show allegiance to Australia.

Meanwhile, for those in Australia, the struggle between allegiance and identity goes on.

The frontlines are schools and women. These little battles for allegiance will, in time, help make plain the meaning of Australian values, which are set out in broad terms in the Australian values statement.

The NSW Education Department is in the middle of two such battles. It defended the principal of Hurstville Boys School who, at the 2016 presentation day, explained to guests making awards that some Muslim students "may place their hand across their chest instead of shaking hands".

A small victory for identity.

Mark Scott, NSW Education Department director-general, has confirmed that Punchbowl Boys High School refuses to participate in a government-funded school deradicalisation program.

Another small victory for identity.

Cranbourne Carlisle Primary School in Melbourne allowed Muslim children to leave the room at the singing of the national anthem during a holy month of mourning. The principal said during the month of Muharram, Shia Muslims do not take part in joyous events such as listening to music or singing.

Another victory for identity.

The Australian International Islamic College in the suburb of Durack, in Brisbane, ruled that Advance Australia Fair was against the Islamic ethos. A memo was sent to parents announcing the singing of the anthem would be suspended.